Hammock or tent?
A hammock lifts you off the ground, so there are no rocks, roots or puddles under you, and it can be set up almost anywhere you have two sturdy anchors. People use hammocks for lounging at camp, napping at the beach and, with the right setup, for sleeping. For sleeping they need insulation underneath, because air under you cools the hammock from below. For lounging, a simple gathered-end hammock and a pair of straps is all you need.
Types of hammocks and stands
| Type | Description | Strengths | Watch out for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gathered-end hammock | Classic bag-shaped fabric, gathered at both ends | Light and packable; comfortable | Banana-shaped lay; less flat |
| Bridge or flat-lay hammock | Spreader bars or structure for a flatter lay | Flatter; good for side or stomach sleeping | Heavier; less stable |
| Double hammock | Wider fabric for two or for more room | Roomy | Heavier and bulkier |
| Hammock with bug net | Integrated mosquito net | Protects from insects | Heavier; more complex to set up |
| Hammock tent or system | Hammock plus rainfly and insulation | Complete sleep setup | Needs practice; costly |
| Hammock stand | Frame that holds a hammock without trees | Works anywhere flat; no tree damage | Heavy and bulky; best on lawn, sand or flat ground |
| Chair hammock | Hanging chair for sitting | Comfortable and compact | Needs a strong single anchor |
Straps, not rope
The most important choice is the suspension. Narrow ropes and cords can cut into tree bark and harm the cambium layer. Leave No Trace guidance recommends straps at least one inch wide, which spread the load. Look for straps with loops or adjustable systems that make it easy to set the right tension and angle. Do not wrap a strap around a tree so tightly that it digs in, and take care not to use trees in places that are protected or where hammocks are not allowed.
The 30-degree rule
A hammock that is pulled tight and flat looks neat but is risky. The flatter the hang, the more force each strap, anchor and the hammock itself must bear. Basic geometry shows that force per side equals the weight divided by twice the sine of the hang angle. At 30 degrees, the force on each side equals the weight in the hammock. At smaller angles it climbs quickly. For this reason, hammock guides commonly recommend hanging at roughly 25 to 35 degrees, which gives a comfortable sag and manageable forces. Our hang-angle check lets you try your own numbers.
Typical tips:
- Space anchors roughly 12 to 15 feet apart for a standard-length hammock, adjusting to the length of your hammock.
- Hang the hammock so the seat sits at about the height of a chair when you sit in it. Many people hang at roughly knee to seat height, around 18 inches, so you can sit in it and put your feet on the ground. Leave No Trace guidance recommends hanging below about five feet so that a fall is shorter.
- Choose strong anchors. Trees should be healthy and, per Leave No Trace guidance, at least about six inches in diameter.
- Test before you trust. Sit in it with your weight low and close to the ground before you lie down.
Sleeping in a hammock
Warm air rises, but cold air circulates beneath a hammock and squashes insulation under you, so a sleeping bag alone does not keep you warm. In cool weather you need an underquilt or a sleeping pad placed inside the hammock. A pad can slide, but it is a simple start. Add a tarp over the top for rain and a bug net in buggy seasons. Practice at home or in a yard, because hammock sleeping takes some getting used to.
Respecting trees and sites
- Check the rules. Many campgrounds, parks and national forests restrict or ban hanging hammocks from trees. Look for posted rules or ask the land manager.
- Use established sites when possible and keep at least about 200 feet from water when camping outside designated sites, which is Leave No Trace guidance.
- Avoid damaged or dead trees, and look up for dead branches, called widowmakers, before you hang.
- Remove straps and leave no marks.
- Do not hang from small or young trees, shrubs or fence posts.
Hammock stands
Stands are a good solution for yards, beaches and campsites with no suitable trees. Look at the weight rating, and note that a stand may need a flat surface and can tip on soft or sloped ground. Many stands are made for hammocks of a certain length, so check the compatibility. Some stands are heavy, so they are best for car camping. Anchor them in wind, and do not allow children to play on or swing in them.
Care
- Wash according to the label, usually gentle and cold, and air-dry.
- Dry fully before packing, since damp fabric mildews.
- Inspect straps, stitching and carabiners or hooks regularly, and retire gear that is worn.
- Keep sunlight off when stored, because UV weakens fabric and straps.
Common mistakes
- Hanging too tight. Forces rise sharply when the hang is flat.
- Using thin rope on tree bark.
- Hanging too high. Falls hurt.
- Ignoring dead branches overhead.
- Sleeping cold. A hammock needs insulation underneath.
Frequently asked questions
How far apart should my anchors be?
For a standard hammock, about 12 to 15 feet is common, but check the hammock's instructions and aim for roughly a 30-degree hang angle.
How high should I hang a hammock?
Many people hang the seat at knee to chair height. Leave No Trace guidance recommends hanging below about five feet.
Are hammocks bad for trees?
They can be if you use thin ropes, small trees or ignore the rules. Wide straps on healthy, large trees, where permitted, reduce the damage.
Can I sleep in a hammock in cold weather?
Yes, with insulation under you such as an underquilt or a pad.
Do I need a hammock stand?
Only when you do not have suitable trees or are not allowed to use them.
